Sensory brushing
This is a guide to explain how to carry out sensory brushing safely and consistently.
In order to move effectively, our motor system (bones, joints and muscles) needs to work closely with our sensory systems.
Senses include touch, sight, sound, taste, and smell, as well as proprioception and the vestibular senses.
Proprioception is your body's ability to sense where it is and its position without seeing, i.e. you know where your hands are if your eyes are closed.
Your vestibular system is essential for maintaining balance and orientation and is an important part of emotional regulation.
When these senses integrate well, alongside motor control, it helps us move and navigate the world around us safely and comfortably.
Sensory brushing is a powerful tool for babies and children who have sensory challenges. They might struggle with different textures on their hands, or they might find putting their feet on the floor uncomfortable.
It’s also useful for children with reduced body awareness, such as those with spina bifida or who might seem a bit nervous or uncoordinated when they move.
Brushing helps the brain process sensory information more effectively, and benefits can include increased body awareness, reduced sensitivity, and an increased ability to engage in messy play, eating, and therapy activities. It can be a useful strategy to prepare the body for moving.
Before you start
- Read this information.
- Watch the video and familiarise yourself with the technique.
- Follow the guidance below.
Please note: Only begin sensory brushing after speaking to one of our therapists at Shine. If you have any questions or concerns, please arrange a time to speak with one of the team.
How to start
Session length: Less than 5 minutes
Frequency: Aim for 3-4 times a day
Timing: Leave a minimum gap of 2 hours between each session
Complete brushing before mealtimes or doing a specific therapy activity, for example, messy play or standing practice.
What you need: Use an air-dried flannel, a bath mitt, or a shower puff.
If you prefer, you can also purchase sensory brushes online, but this is not necessary.
It is important to use the same type of product each time.
How to do it: Firm pressure is key.
Start at the back of the hand and brush firmly from the tip of the fingers up to the shoulder in one smooth movement, and back down again. Include the palm of the hand if they will let you.
Then brush up and down the back in a W shape, in a smooth, firm movement.
Followed by the other arm, starting at the back of the hand and brushing firmly up to the shoulder in one smooth movement, and back down again. Include the palm of the hand if they will let you.
Next, start at the top of the foot, all the way up and down each leg, including the soles of the feet if they will let you.
Brush each area 5-6 times, up and down in one smooth stroke.
Never apply pressure to the chest or tummy.
Once you have completed this place your child in a position to encourage weight through the joints in the arms and legs, this allows compressions through their joints and gives great proprioceptive feedback.
Key points and safety considerations of sensory brushing
Apply firm, consistent pressure. Light pressure may not be tolerated and can lead to discomfort or a startle response (similar to tickling).
Do not brush the stomach or chest. Brushing the stomach may affect digestion, and brushing the chest may affect breathing.
Avoid brushing the face – it is too sensitive. We can offer additional advice if oral over- or under-sensitivity is a concern.
Sensory brushing is most effective on bare skin.
If you need to brush over clothing, pull the fabric tight and smooth out any bumps.
Sensory brushing should not cause pain. It may take some practice at first, but should not cause any pain. If your child is expressing discomfort, stop and seek advice.
Include brushing in daily routines such as toileting/nappy changes, dressing, before food, before physiotherapy exercises, and to support transitions between activities.
Sensory brushing is very safe, but babies and children can respond differently to sensory input. We would always advise speaking to an occupational therapist or a physiotherapist with a sensory focus before starting.
As with some therapeutic techniques, it can be difficult to provide evidence for an approach, however, from years of clinical experience and feedback from families, we have found this to be a helpful technique, particularly where there is a reluctance to use hands and feet, or in preparation for movement and helping regulate sensory input.
Find out about our Touchpoint service here.